Abstract
The subtransient, transient and steady‐state conditions can be defined with respect to terminal three‐phase short‐circuit of the synchronous generator. Saturation varies with voltage, current, and power factor. The saturation factor is usually applied to transient and synchronous reactances, though all other reactances change, though slightly, with saturation. In a typical machine, transient reactances may reduce from 5% to 25% on saturation. If we apply reverse phase sequence currents (negative sequence currents) to the armature winding, and the generator is running at synchronous speed, the field winding shorted through exciter, then the ratio of the negative sequence fundamental frequency voltages to the currents gives the negative sequence impedance. When a negative sequence voltage is applied, the MMF wave in the air gap rotates backward at a slip of 2.0 pu. The load can be resolved into sequence impedance circuits. This result can also be arrived at by merely observing the symmetrical nature of the circuit.
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