Sequence, Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis of Immune Response Genes Related to Mastitis in Buffaloes

Priyanka Banerjee,Suresh K Gahlawat,Upasna Sharma,R.K Vijh,Jyoti Joshi

doi:10.19026/ijava.5.5589

Priyanka Banerjee, Suresh K Gahlawat + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.19026/ijava.5.5589

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Abstract

Increased expression of several acute phase cytokines, such as IL1, IL8 and TNF-α, have been positively correlated with the most severe clinical symptoms often associated with coliform or endotoxin-induced mastitis. Very little information is available on buffalo transcriptome. No information is available on mastitis related genes in buffaloes thus, the main aim of the present study was to analyze the buffalo transcriptome for extracting sequence of mastitis related genes (IL-1B, IL6, IL8 and IL-12B), the expression of these genes across various tissues using RNA-Seq, analyse the functional pathways and confer the phylogenetic relationship of these Interleukin genes with other species. IL1B revealed high expression in lungs while IL8 in mammary gland and IL12B in kidney respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear homology between buffalo and cattle ILs. The results were confirmed by constructing gene and species tree. In species tree, Bos Taurus was nearest to Bubalus bubalis followed by Ovis aries thereby grouping the whole Bovidae family together. The gene tree constructed with the help of Maximum likelihood methods clearly clustered IL1B and IL8 in one clade. This may be attributed to structural and functional relationship of IL8 induced after exposure to a variety of inflammatory stimuli including bacteria, oxidative stress, LPS, TNF and IL1B. Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate IL genes provided insights into their patterns and process of gene evolution.

Highlights

IntroductionBuffaloes like cattle are prone to the intra-mammary infections, which have a lot of economic impact on the farmer
Buffaloes are the major part of subsidiary economy of rural people in India
The gene sequences of the interleukin genes have been deciphered and the level of their expression in various tissues was examined in buffaloes

Summary

Introduction

Buffaloes like cattle are prone to the intra-mammary infections, which have a lot of economic impact on the farmer. Bovine mastitis is an important and a persistent factor causing economic losses; Mammary gland inflammation affects both the quantity and quality of milk yield. The milk changes in composition which impair coagulation, cheese yield and composition; leading to poor quality cheese. The effects of mastitis on milk yield and milk quality have been reported for buffalo milk (Singh and Ludri, 2001; Cerón-Muñoz et al, 2002; Pasquini et al, 2003; Tripaldi et al, 2003; Singh and Bansal, 2004). Milk SCC includes all types of cells: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), macrophages and lymphocytes. The primary function of PMN is ingestion and destruction of invading microorganisms, as well as secretion of inflammatory regulators (Kelly et al, 2000)

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