Abstract
The first Bocavirus (bovine parvovirus 1, BPV1) was discovered in calves with diarrhea in 1961. Since then, a series of bocaviruses have emerged in many animals including dogs, humans, swine, gorillas, California sea lions, and cats. These viruses are associated with digestive tract and respiratory tract diseases. Several emerging porcine bocaviruses (PBoVs) have been reported on pig farms in the past four years. However, the nomenclature used to describe these viruses has been confused and irregular. The goal of this study was to compare the sequences of these emerging PBoVs, perform phylogenetic analysis, and present a proposal regarding their nomenclature. Genome sequences of some PBoVs and other bocaviruses were downloaded from the GenBank database. Sequence similarity, sequence mutation, deletion, or insertion, and sequence recombination among reference bocaviruses were obtained using DNAStar software, and its genetic evolution was determined using MEGA 5.1 software. According to the differences in their sequences and genome structure, the nomenclature of PBoVs was proposed and they were divided into four different species (from PBoV1 to PBoV4) and many different genotypes. Among them, both PBoV1 and PBoV2 had two genotypes, PBoV1-a and PBoV1-b and PBoV2-a and PBoV2-a and PBoV2-b, respectively. PBoV3 included three genotypes, PBoV3-a, PBoV3-b and PBoV3-c, respectively. In addition, for PBoV4, there were at least eight genotypes (PBoV4-a to PBoV4-h) in intraspecies. In conclusion, PBoVs were highly genetically diversified. The proposed nomenclature of PBoVs was used in the present studies, it could help us to better understand and standardize the nomenclature of PBoVs.
Highlights
Bocaviruses are small, non-enveloped, ssDNA viruses within the genus Bocavirus, subfamily Parvovirinae, family Parvoviridae [1]
In 2005, an emerging human parvovirus, called human bocavirus (HBoV), similar to bovine parvovirus 1 (BPV1) and minute virus of canines (MVC) in genome structure, was characterized in pooled specimens taken from the respiratory tracts of children with respiratory diseases [6]
The current criteria for classification of bocaviruses issued by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) defines separate species as a group of individuals with less than 95% homologous non-structural gene DNA sequence
Summary
Bocaviruses (about 5 kb genome size) are small, non-enveloped, ssDNA viruses within the genus Bocavirus, subfamily Parvovirinae, family Parvoviridae [1]. They cause specific diseases (such as respiratory disease and enteritis) in humans and other animals. In 2005, an emerging human parvovirus, called human bocavirus (HBoV), similar to BPV1 and MVC in genome structure, was characterized in pooled specimens taken from the respiratory tracts of children with respiratory diseases [6]. Since another three species of human bocavirus, HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4, have been discovered [710]. The goal of the present study was to compare the sequences of those emerging porcine bocaviruses, perform phylogenetic analysis, and present a proposal on regarding nomenclature
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