Sentiment Analysis of Public Acceptance of Covid-19 Vaccines Types in Indonesia using Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)

Abstract

The Covid-19 vaccination is a government program during the pandemic to create herd immunity so that people become more productive in their activities. In Indonesia, the Covid-19 vaccination campaign employs a range of vaccines and has sparked a range of responses from the public on social media, particularly Twitter. Users can tweet and communicate with one another on the social networking site Twitter. This study uses a Sentiment Analysis technique using the Nave Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms to conduct a sentiment analysis of public acceptance of the type of Covid-19 vaccine used in Indonesia using Twitter data. Various types of vaccines in Indonesia include Sinovac, Vaksin Covid-19 Bio Farma, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Sinopharm, Novavax, Sputnik-V, Janssen, Convidencia, Zifivax, often confuse the public in determining the objectivity of this opinion. In addition, theoretically, this study also seeks to contrast the NB, SVM, and LSTM algorithms with experimental techniques to obtain the best algorithm model. The stages of the research involved gathering information based on Twitter user opinions about the type of Covid-19 vaccine on Twitter from January 2021 to January 2022. The researcher used Indonesian language tweet data with the keywords #vaksincorona, #vaksincovid19, #vaksinasi, #ayovaksin, #lawancovid19, and #vaksinindonesia. Before modelling, the pre-processing stage consists of case folding, tokenizing, filtering, stemming, and word weighting using TF-IDF. After that, model testing was carried out using Cross Validation with the Python programming language, and evaluation and validation of the test results using the Confusion Matrix. The results showed that the accuracy score of the SVM method for the best model was 84.89%, while for the Naïve Bayes and LSTM algorithms, they were 84.65% and 82.97%, respectively.