Abstract
Abstract The cloud model of Tripoli and Cotton was used to simulate a cumulonimbus cloud observed during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE). We tested the sensitivity of the precipitation pathways in the model to the initial concentration of cloud droplets above cloud base Nc (which is related to the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei). The results showed that for large Nc, Manton and Cotton's autoconversion parameterization properly suppressed supercooled rain formation via the “warm-rain” process in a cold-based, continental cloud, forcing ice processes (e.g., riming, aggregation and deposition of vapor) to produce graupel. With lower droplet concentrations, rain formed first through warm-rain processes, then graupel formed through freezing. The value of Nc, which determined the transition from graupel formation by freezing rain to graupel formation by ice processes was found to be sensitive to the parameter acm, which represents the critical mean radius at which collisi...
Published Version
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