Abstract
An electrochemical chemical sensor for determination of uric acid (UA) with highly sensitive and widely working range was fabricated using zinc layered hydroxide-sodium dodecyl sulphate-propoxur (ZLH-SDS-PRO) nanocomposites modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Introduction of the ZLH-SDS-PRO as a conducting matrix has enhanced the conductivity of MWCNT. The ZLH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), meanwhile the electrochemical behaviour of UA and K3[Fe(CN)6] at ZLH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT paste electrode was studied by square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the electrode established linear plot for UA from 7.0 µmol/L to 0.7 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9920) and the LOD was calculated to be 4.28 µmol/L (S/N = 3). The fabricated electrochemical electrode was successfully applied to urine samples and exhibit excellent stability and reproducibility, which made it worthwhile to be explored for analytical applications.
Highlights
2,6,8-trihydroxypurine, known as uric acid (UA), is a fundamental electroactive molecule resulting from the metabolism of endogenous purine, which occurs inside the human body [1,2]
Abilities of layered zinc hydroxide-ferulate (LZH-F), layered zinc hydroxide-L-phenylalanate (LZH-LP) and layered zinc hydroxide-sodium dodecyl sulphate-isoprocarb (LZH-SDS-ISO) applied as modifiers with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were demonstrated for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) [23], acetaminophen (PCM) [24] and dopamine (DOP) [25], respectively
The correlation coefficients obtained were 0.9913 and 0.9927, respecttively. These results revealed that the redox reaction of K3[Fe(CN)6] on LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT paste electrode is reversible, i.e. diffusion-controlled [30]
Summary
2,6,8-trihydroxypurine, known as uric acid (UA), is a fundamental electroactive molecule resulting from the metabolism of endogenous purine, which occurs inside the human body [1,2] Biological responses such as inflammation, vasoconstriction, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction can be stimulated by UA. The unique electrochemical properties of CNT in terms of large surface area, excellent electron transfer, fine structure and light-weight make them be good electrodes for various applications [18-20]. Metal layered hydroxides have gained much attention in carbon paste electrode (CPE) fabrication, owing to their remarkable capability of anion exchange and excellent physicochemical properties in terms of low toxicity, chemical inertness and high surface area [22]. Intercalation of propoxur with layered zinc hydroxide produces a nanocomposite material that has good electron transfer ability and a large surface-tovolume ratio. Based on the listed advantages, in this work, we are presenting for the first time LZH-SDS-PRO material as a mediator used to increase the electrocatalytic activity of the redox reaction important for the determination of UA
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