Sensitive detection of acetaminophen in body fluids, pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines at un-doped mesoporous carbon nitride film electrode

Abstract

Electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen (ACT) was made using un-doped mesoporous (average pore size 33.2 nm) carbon nitride (mGCN) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in physiological buffer (PBS, pH 7.4). GCN was prepared by pyrolysis of agriculture urea precursor and characterized using XRD, UV–visible, FTIR, XPS and HRTEM techniques and observed 3D mesoporous structure. The electrochemical methods CV, EIS, and DPV were employed to explore the behaviour of mesoporous carbon nitride thin film modified electrode and its acetaminophen electrochemical sensing. The sensor showed a linear range from 0.1 to 1400 µM with sensitivity and limit of detection 0.0180 mA cm−2 mM−1 and 93.22 nM. Practical electrochemical sensing of ACT was demonstrated using unprocessed pharmaceutical tablet, body fluids (urine, blood serum), and herbal (ayurvedic Ocimumtenuifrum and Coleus amboinicus plants) samples. These electrochemical data were very well corroborated with results obtained from UV–Visible detection.