Abstract
The fabrication and evaluation of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with self-doped polyaniline nanofibers (SPAN)/mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) and bismuth for simultaneous determination of trace Cd2+ and Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) are presented here. The morphology properties of SPAN and MCN were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the electrochemical properties of the fabricated electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Experimental parameters, such as deposition time, pulse potential, step potential, bismuth concentration and NaCl concentration, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the fabricated electrode exhibited linear calibration curves ranging from 5 to 80 nM for Cd2+ and Pb2+. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.7 nM for Cd2+ and 0.2 nM for Pb2+ (S/N = 3). Additionally, the repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference ability and application were also investigated, and the proposed electrode exhibited excellent performance. The proposed method could be extended for other heavy metal determination.
Highlights
Cadmium(II) and lead(II) are severe hazardous environmental pollutants with toxic effects on living organisms due to their non-biodegradability and persistence [1,2]
In this paper, combining the advantages of mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) and self-doped polyaniline nanofibers (SPAN) nanofibers, we developed a highly sensitive sensor for electrochemical analysis of trace Cd2+ and Pb2+ through square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), which has rarely been reported
The morphology characterization of SPAN nanofibers was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Summary
Cadmium(II) and lead(II) are severe hazardous environmental pollutants with toxic effects on living organisms due to their non-biodegradability and persistence [1,2]. The conductivity of PAN will be significantly reduced when the pH of the solution is higher than four [23], which largely limits its application in sensors To overcome this drawback, many kinds of PAN derivatives, such as self-doped polyanilines (SPANs), have been synthesized by different methods and used as a new electroactive material for H2 O2 and DNA detection [24,25,26] and a high performance redox supercapacitor [27]. Bismuth nanoparticles were used for trace analysis of heavy metals in conjunction with anodic stripping voltammetry In a word, this sensor exhibited outstanding performance in cost, simplicity, accurateness, sensitivity and stability and has certain practical significance
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