Sensing the Arctic: Situational awareness and the future of northern security.

Benjamin T Johnson

doi:10.1177/00207020211048424

Abstract

This article considers the role of surveillance within security concerns related to the Arctic in Canada and North America. More pointedly, it examines how surveillance contributes towards situational awareness and the current emphasis on technological research and development to meet current and future security requirements. The article argues that Canada’s focus on surveillance within the Arctic offers a flexible strategy that navigates the complex and evolving security environment in addition to the political and fiscal realities of our time. However, the article warns that emphasizing the role of novel technology within strategic considerations risks undermining sound policymaking as the potential for new technology to transform defensive capabilities remains speculative. The article illustrates this approach to security by analyzing Canada’s Arctic surveillance capabilities and goals under the All Domain Situational Awareness (ADSA) program. Further, it links Canada’s efforts to North American defence by theoretically examining the role of surveillance in the Strategic Homeland Integrated Ecosystem for Layered Defence (SHIELD) concept and the recent NORAD/USNORTHCOM strategic outlook.

Highlights

The Arctic has returned as a regional focus for Canada with increasing saliency in public discourse, mainly because climate change may transform the North into a strategic zone and potential battlespace over resources and transport routes.[1]
The ability of surveillance technologies to encompass multiple capacities is necessary because Canada recognizes that several types of threats pose a danger to the Arctic and its communities outside of narrow military considerations
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) emerged from an instrumental need for the United States to create a spatial buffer against Soviet bombers during the Cold War, which required joint efforts with Canada to build a credible defensive posture given the indivisibility of airspace.[43]

Summary

Introduction

The Arctic has returned as a regional focus for Canada with increasing saliency in public discourse, mainly because climate change may transform the North into a strategic zone and potential battlespace over resources and transport routes.[1].

Results

Conclusion