Sensing of lactose by graphitic carbon nitride/magnetic chitosan composites with surface plasmon resonance method

Abstract

A simple technique was used to create a composite material made of graphitic carbon nitride supported on magnetic chitosan (g-C3N4/MNP/CS). This substance was employed in the structure of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) lactose biosensor as a modifier for a thin layer of gold and as a support for the covalent stabilization of cellobiose dehydrogenase. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach was used to mimic the sensor's evanescent field in order to examine the SPR behavior. Additionally XRD and SEM techniques were used to examine the shape of MNPs/CS/g-C3N4 and the intended sensor's SPR behavior. It can be used in the food industry, with a detection limit of 5 μM and a linear range of 0.01–100 mM‏ The biosensor is extremely sensitive, demonstrating its accuracy in lactose detection.