Abstract
Abstract Heat and moisture budgets associated with a midlatitude convective system (10–11 April 1979) are used to evaluate several versions of Kuo-type cumulus parameterization schemes on a semiprognostic basis. It is shown that the observed rainfall rate is closely related to the large-scale vertical advection of moisture and to a lesser extent to the large-scale moisture convergence. Both the Kuo and the Anthes schemes show considerable skill in reproducing the convective heating profile (Q1) when a moist adiabat is used to represent the cloud thermodynamic properties and the effect of eddy sensible heat flux is estimated by a steady-state cloud model. However, when a model cloud with a small radius is used to estimate the cloud's thermodynamic properties, both the Kuo and Authes schemes predict convective heating profiles with considerably lower levels of maximum heating than observed. This indicates that entrainment is not very important for the deep convection present in this case. Anthes' scheme is ...
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