Semi-Honest Three-Party Mutual Authentication Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on GHZ-Like State

Abstract

Quantum key agreement (QKA) is an important branch of quantum cryptography. In this paper, we propose a mutual authenticated semi-honest key agreement scheme with Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger-like (GHZ-like) state. A semi-honest third-party Trent can help Alice and Bob to achieve mutual authentication and key agreement without getting any information about the session key between them. Firstly, Alice and Bob have shared necessary information with Trent respectively in a secure way, and keep each other confidential. Trent prepares the three-particle GHZ-like states and shares them with Alice and Bob. Secondly, Trent uses hash security function to get a set with equal subscripts, and then divides into authentication set and negotiation set. The authentication set is used to realize the security authentication of three-party identities, while the negotiation set is used for negotiating the session key. Finally, on the premise of passing the three-party authentication, Alice and Bob carry out the GHZ-like states encryption communication according to the negotiation subset provided by the third party. Through security analysis and efficiency analysis, our proposed protocol can effectively resist external eavesdropping and internal eavesdropping, and have high communication efficiency.