Abstract

Different physical principles for measuring strain, and other mechanical quantities that can be related to strain, have been closely studied for two or three decades. The basic problem is that the strains commonly encountered amount to very small fractional changes in length. If, therefore, this length change is transduced into a change in some other (often electrical) quantity, either that quantity must be capable of very precise measurement, or some mechanism must be used whereby a proportionally much larger change occurs in the secondary quantity.

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