Semiconductor quantum computation.

Xin Zhang,Ming Xiao,Guang-Can Guo,Hai-Ou Li,Gang Cao,Guo-Ping Guo

doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy153

Abstract

Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.

Highlights

The tremendous advances in quantum computation attracted global attention, making this subject again under the spot light since it was first proposed by Richard Feynman [1] in 1982
In 2010, Petersson et al first demonstrated a lumped-element resonator circuit coupled to the reservoir of a double quantum dot (DQD) in GaAs and used it to probe charge and spin states [150]
The single-shot readout of singlet-triplet qubits using rf-gate sensors were realized by Pakkiam et al, Urdampilleta et al and West et al in 2018 with donors in silicon, a silicon MOS DQD and a silicon silicon on insulator (SOI) DQD [154,155,156], respectively

Summary

Introduction

The tremendous advances in quantum computation attracted global attention, making this subject again under the spot light since it was first proposed by Richard Feynman [1] in 1982. In 2011, Nowack et al first demonstrated independent single-shot readout of two electron spins using energy selective readout, and upon this result they measured the full truth table for a SWAP gate with four different input states [99].

Results

Conclusion