Abstract
BackgroundEntomological surveillance is an important means of assessing the efficacy of insect vector management programs and estimating disease transmission thresholds. Among baited traps, Biogents’ BG-Sentinel (BGS) trap baited with BG-Lure is considered to have the most similar outcome to, and be a possible replacement for, human-landing catches for the epidemiologically relevant monitoring of adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. In contrast to the BGS trap, the Black Hole ultraviolet (UV) light trap, which is widely used to catch nocturnal flying insects, is not baited with synthetic human odor-mimicking lures.MethodsWe evaluated the l-lactic acid-based Kasetsart University (KU)-lures nos. 1–6 as novel candidate chemical lures for the diurnal species Ae. aegypti and the nocturnal species Cx. quinquefasciatus using two commercial traps (the BGS trap and the Black Hole UV light trap) in a semi-field screen (SFS) house. Firstly, we optimized the dose of each KU-lure in an SFS house (140 m3). Secondly, six different candidate KU-lures were screened by comparing their percent attraction using a single discriminating dose (0.5 g). Finally, we evaluated the synergism of the KU-lures selected in this way with commercially available traps.ResultsBGS traps baited with KU-lure no. 1 exhibited the greatest percent attraction for Ae. aegypti (29.5% ± 14.3%), whereas those baited with KU-lure no. 6 most strongly attracted Cx. quinquefasciatus (33.3% ± 10.7%). Interestingly, BGS traps treated with 10 g BG-Lure did not significantly attract more Ae. aegypti or Cx. quinquefasciatus than the untreated BGS traps. CO2 at a flow rate of 250 ml/min most strongly attracted both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus (42.2% ± 14.2% and 75.1% ± 16.9%, respectively). BGS and Black Hole UV light traps with KU-lure no. 6 exhibited a stronger attraction for Cx. quinquefasciatus than untreated traps, and the percent attraction did not differ between the treated traps.ConclusionsSynergistic effects of KU-lures nos. 1 and 6 with the mosquito traps were demonstrated for both the diurnal and nocturnal species in the SFS house assays. However, further studies are urgently needed for the development of species-specific lures to increase trap efficacy in the field for local vector mosquitoes in Thailand.Graphical
Highlights
Entomological surveillance is an important means of assessing the efficacy of insect vector manage‐ ment programs and estimating disease transmission thresholds
Optimization assay Discriminating doses for the semi-field screen (SFS) house assay were selected for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus
The BGS traps baited with 0.1 g or 0.5 g of Kasetsart University (KU)-lure no. 1 captured significantly more Ae. aegypti than untreated BGS traps [0.1 g, t(14) = −4.891, P = 0.000; 0.5 g, t(14) = −6.654, P = 0.000]
Summary
Entomological surveillance is an important means of assessing the efficacy of insect vector manage‐ ment programs and estimating disease transmission thresholds. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue This mosquito species exhibits highly anthropophilic feeding behavior, and is often found in close association with human dwellings [2, 3]. Despite years of public health control activities and research progress on Ae. aegypti and dengue fever, there is still no commercially available effective and safe dengue vaccine. Prevention of dengue fever remains almost entirely reliant on the use of vector management and control practices, which are the most effective methods for reducing viral transmission in dengueendemic areas [5]. The control of Ae. aegypti has proven extremely difficult because it is highly anthropophilic and found in close association with humans in domestic and peri-domestic environments. One of the sampling techniques used to effectively assess and predict mosquito abundance is trapping [6]
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