Abstract
Semen analysis is routinely used to evaluate the male partner in infertile couples. Unfortunately, sperm measurements that discriminate between fertile and infertile men are not well defined. Treatment decisions should therefore not be based exclusively on semen analysis, except for those cases with very poor sperm parameters. Treatments such as intra-uterine insemination (IUI) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can usually be performed with sufficient pregnancy rates. In couples in which even ICSI fails, intracytoplasmatic, morphogically selected sperm injection (IMSI) seems to be promising. Collecting a semen sample with high quality is always important for male patients in assisted reproduction technology (ART) programs. Sperm quality can be improved using simple methods, such as modifying sexual abstinence or collecting semen samples at home. There is new evidence that the use of seminal plasma in ART treatment may improve endometrial receptivity and consequently implantation. Sexual intercourse around the time of embryo transfer also seems to improve the clinical outcome of ART.
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