SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, KAZAKH AND UZBEK PROVERBS WITH A “FRIEND” CONCEPT

Abstract

The article deals with proverbs containing the concept of “friend” in the English, Russian, Kazakh and Uzbek languages to determine universal and national-specific features. The proverb is characterized by the completeness of thought, which expresses linguistic and speech characteristics and shows the importance of preserving the cultural and, in general, national values of the people. It is a generalized thought with a didactic bias. Proverbs with a notion of “friend” in the studied languages show that friendship is a universal phenomenon for all people. A friend is, first of all, a person who shares both happy moments of life and sad ones with his/her friend. The universal feature of proverbs with the concept friend in the studied languages is that a true friend is a friend in trouble. And the national specificity in these proverbs is expressed by different lexemes and notions. In English the notion friend is conveyed by the word friend. In Russian — by the word друг. In the Uzbek and Kazakh languages — by the words doʻst (дос), oʻrtoq (ортақ). In the Uzbek and Kazakh languages there are words dugona and құрбым to address a female friendwhereas the word əріптес is used for both men and women. The analysis and description of the semantic properties of proverbs was carried out using such methods as semantic-stylistic, descriptive and comparative.