Abstract
The tunneling Hamiltonian method generalized to describe the field emission process has been proposed and investigated as an approach for solving the field emission problem, taking into account nonequilibrium phenomena occurring in the cathode. By means of an analysis of the kinetics of the electron subsystem of a superconductor it has been shown that the nonequilibrium state with excess quasiparticles, appearing with field electron emission, changes the superconducting properties of the cathode. The dependence of the superconducting gap on the field emission current has been revealed. This has made it possible to formulate general concepts of a self-consistent theory of field electron emission from superconductors.
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