Abstract
Current management of HIV involves the use of conventional prescription medicines, called 'antiretroviral drugs' (ARV), over-the-counter (OTC), complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), as well as African traditional medicine (ATM). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use of traditional, complementary and over-the-counter medicines. A cross-sectional survey of HIV-infected patients who started ART between July 2004 and August 2005 at Dr George Mukhari Hospital (Pretoria), who consented to be interviewed, was conducted. Using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, data were collected by two trained interviewers on sociodemographic characteristics, and on non-prescribed medicines used of three sources: African traditional medicine (ATM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. The 180 patients who consented to be interviewed had a mean age of 36.7 (+/-8.1) years old; 68.8% were female, 86.7% unemployed, 73.9% with high school level of education, 77.8% single. Some 8.9% of respondents used at least one non-prescribed medicine. In descending order, 4.4% of respondents used ATM, 3.3% CAM, and 1.7% OTC medicines. The ATM products used included unspecified traditional mixtures, and those made of the African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea), and coconut (Cocos nucifera); OTC products used were paracetamol and sennosides (Senokot) tablets as well as a soap containing triclosan 1.5%; CAM products used were "sex booster" capsules of unknown composition, mercury-containing soaps (Mekako), and the Zion Church of Christ special tea, a mixture of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) plus sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus) and prayed for. In conclusion, only 8.9% of HIV-infected patients on ART in this study used a limited range of over-the-counter products as well as those from traditional, complementary and alternative medicine practices.
Highlights
Current management of HIV involves the use of conventional prescription medicines, called ‘antiretroviral drugs’ (ARV), over-the-counter (OTC), complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), as well as medicines from traditional practices such as the African traditional medicine (ATM)
The complexity of HIV treatment is further compounded in some instances by the use and/or abuse of recreational drugs, vitamins, and mineral supplements that HIV-infected patients may procure themselves for self-care; as well as the use of medicines prescribed for treating opportunistic infections and other co-morbidities that may affect people infected with HIV
In order to comply with internationally accepted ethical standards and ensure that participants were protected from coercion, undue physical or psychological harm, the proposal for this study was submitted, and approved by the Research and Publications, and Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Limpopo-Medunsa Campus
Summary
Current management of HIV involves the use of conventional prescription medicines, called ‘antiretroviral drugs’ (ARV), over-the-counter (OTC), complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), as well as medicines from traditional practices such as the African traditional medicine (ATM). The multiplicity of medicines used lead to potentially severe side effects, and to clinically significant interactions with ARVs and other medicines These side effects and interactions affect patients with regard to their adherence to treatment, and quality of life, which affect the effectiveness of the antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is, important to establish the extent of use of non-prescribed medicines namely, over-the-counter, traditional and complementary products. Important to establish the extent of use of non-prescribed medicines namely, over-the-counter, traditional and complementary products 64% of patients stated that their treating doctors were aware of their use of alternative medicine, only a few of the clinicians had advised their patients to discontinue the use of these therapies (Miller, 1998)
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