Self-organized spatial structures in a ratio-dependent predator–prey model

Abstract

Using linear stability analysis we demonstrate that a simple reaction-diffusion predator–prey model with a ratio-dependent functional response for the predator, can develop diffusion driven instabilities, also known as Turing structures. The ratio-dependent predator functional response assumes that predator density has a negative effect, due to mutual interference between predators, on the rate of prey consumption by an average predator. We suggest that this mechanism is the most convincing hypothesis for the spontaneous generation of patchiness through diffusion and trophic interaction in a homogeneous environment and add a new feature in the controversial issue of ratio and prey dependent predator–prey models in ecology.