Self-Identified Female Patients Experience Worse Outcomes After Carotid Endarterectomy, Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, and Lower Extremity Amputation: Gender Disparities in Vascular Surgery

Abstract

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA), endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), and below-the-knee amputation (BKA) are frequently performed procedures in vascular surgery. Controlling for a naturally occurring higher prevalence of vascular disease in the biologically male population, we sought to determine whether gender disparities exist in the outcomes of these commonly performed procedures.