Ruptured Thoracic Aneurysms

Abstract

Recently published long-term outcomes of the UK Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) trial investigators and the Dutch Randomized Endovascular Aneurysm Repair group have continued to demonstrate the superiority of EVAR in the perioperative period, but they have failed to establish long-term sustainable durability compared to open repair because of increased graft-related complications and reinterventions.1,2 In 2005, thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) was approved in the United States for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAAs). This approval, based on the results of a phase II trial3 evaluating the GORE TAG endovascular prosthesis (W.L. Gore and Associates, Newark, Delaware), led to a nationwide explosion in the use of thoracic endovascular techniques for managing DTAAs.4 Physicians had already been performing EVAR for more than a decade. Whereas EVAR was initially used to repair abdominal aneurysms with a favorable anatomy, its use later expanded to include complex cases involving a short aneurysmal neck, a tortuous aorta, and (more recently) aneurysmal rupture. Although TEVAR has only a brief history, a similar trend is obvious: This approach is being used with reasonable success to treat dissections and even ruptured aneurysms5; in addition, various new debranching techniques are allowing TEVAR to be applied to portions of the aorta previously deemed unapproachable. Article see p 2718 Najibi and colleagues6 reported the results of the first study to compare TEVAR with open aortic repair. Their series comprised 18 patients, and the control group included a historic cohort of patients who had undergone open aortic repair during the previous 3 years. Short-term follow-up data showed that the endovascular group had significantly shorter operative times, shorter hospital and intensive-care–unit stays, and less operative blood loss. Subsequently, Bavaria and associates7 reported the results of a phase II multicenter trial that assessed GORE …