Abstract
<p>In this study, the relationship between family factors (family cohesion and family adaptability) and cigarette smoking behaviour was investigated. The other objective of this research was exploring the moderating impact of self-efficacy on the link of family cohesion and family adaptability with cigarette smoking behaviour among Iranian youngsters in the city of Kerman. Following cluster sampling method, the data was collected from current cigarette smoking adolescents (n = 300) from 22 high schools across Kerman using self-administered questionnaires.</p><p>The Structural Equation Model was used to assess the relationship between family cohesion and family adaptability and cigarette smoking behaviour in adolescents. Also, the advanced multiple group system of Structural Equation Modelling analysis using AMOS was used to evaluate the moderating impact of self-efficacy. The findings indicated a significant negative link existed between family cohesion, family adaptability and cigarette smoking behaviour. The findings were also indicative of the existence of significant moderating function of self-efficacy regarding the effect of family adaptability and family cohesion on cigarette smoking behaviour amongst youngsters. The results contribute to the body of knowledge by introducing readers to the important roles of family environment and self-efficacy in preventing the adolescents from exhibiting cigarette smoking behaviour amongst youngsters.</p>
Highlights
Cigarette smoking is a public health problem in the world (Reisi et al, 2014)
The findings indicated a significant negative link existed between family cohesion, family adaptability and cigarette smoking behaviour
The results of this study revealed that family cohesion and adaptability, parental monitoring were significantly associated with smoking among adolescents and low family cohesion, family adaptability and parental monitoring was associated with a higher level of smoking
Summary
Cigarette smoking is a public health problem in the world (Reisi et al, 2014). It is worth mentioning that cigarette smoking initiates absolutely during teenage years (Johnston et al, 2013). Adolescence is one of the crucial developmental stages in human life and is a time of physical, emotional and social change (Mee, 2009). As one of the prevalent health problems during adolescence, can have a more considerable effect on the physical, emotional, spiritual and social well-being and development of an individual (Johnston et al, 2013). According to Mee (2009), the number of adolescent smokers in the United States was estimated to be risen to five million by the year 2009. In 2008, 27% of 13-year-old students in the Netherlands were occasionally attracted to cigarettes. By the age of 14 this percentage increased to 41% and by the age of 17, this amount increased further and reached 63% (Roken, 2008)
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