Abstract
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper examines the relationship between the environmental factors of peer pressure and family smoking (parents’ smoking and siblings’ smoking), and adolescent cigarette smoking habits in Kerman (as a big province in Iran). In addition, in terms of the afore-mentioned behavior, the moderating role of self-efficacy on the link of peer pressure and family smoking is studied. A quantitative research method was used for this purpose. The sample included 300 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 as current smokers. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data which were then analyzed using AMOS Software and running Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The results showed positive significant relationship between peer pressure plus family smoking (parents’ smoking and siblings’ smoking), and adolescent cigarette smoking. The relevant findings and results revealed that self-efficacy has a considerable moderating effect on the relationship between cigarette smoking behavior, and peer pressure and family smoking. The results of the present study can contribute to the literature and have significant implications for practitioners and policy makers to prevent adolescents in Iran from developing smoking habits. </span></p>
Highlights
Cigarette consumption is recognized as a significant public health problem throughout the world (Dhalewadikar, 2014; Reisi et al, 2014)
This paper examines the relationship between the environmental factors of peer pressure and family smoking, and adolescent cigarette smoking habits in Kerman
The results showed positive significant relationship between peer pressure plus family smoking, and adolescent cigarette smoking
Summary
Cigarette consumption is recognized as a significant public health problem throughout the world (Dhalewadikar, 2014; Reisi et al, 2014). Cigarette smoking is widely considered as a risk factor for the development of lung cancer and other chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), which are related to higher mortality rates (Hsin-Chieh, 2010). Based on the reports from World Health Organization (WHO), almost 5.4 million people die each year as a result of cigarette smoking. According to WHO (2011), cigarette smoking is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. If this trend continues, the mortality rate related to cigarette smoking will rise to 8-10 million people by the year 2030. According to WHO statistics, more than one billion people are addicted to different kinds of cigarette, which has approximately increased tenfold compared with the 20th century (WHO, 2011)
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