Abstract
Antenna array processing techniques require calibration algorithms that often rely on the availability of signal sources at known locations, a good knowledge of the array manifold, or a reference antenna. An alternative is provided by GNSS signals that provide the location of their sources as part of their navigation data. In this paper, a projection methodology using GNSS signals is proposed for the calibration of antenna arrays. The Gram Schmidt process is used along with the properties of the signal steering vectors to determine linear relationships between the recovered signals and the calibration parameters. The obtained system of equations is then solved in the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) sense leading to the estimated calibration parameters. The proposed algorithm accounts for signal gain/phase mismatches and mutual coupling between array elements. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed technique and its suitability for beamforming and Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) applications is supported by several experiments performed using live GPS signals and a GNSS software receiver. Copyright © 2012 Institute of Navigation.
Published Version
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