Abstract
ObjectivesThis research aimed to examine the antitumor mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) specifically against prostate cancers.MethodsThe antitumor activities of SeNPs against cancer cells were determined via MTT assay. The cell cycle was determined by detecting the DNA content, and apoptosis was determined via annexin V-Fluos staining kit. The microRNA expressions in cancer cells were analyzed via microarray and qRT-PCR. The potential targets of miR-16 were identified via luciferase analysis and mRNA expression determination. miR-16 functions in cancer cells were explored via the transient transfection of miR-16 mimic or inhibitor.ResultsSeNPs were most potent in prostate cancer cells, regardless of whether or not they were androgen-dependent. Furthermore, SeNP stimulation can induce cell cycle arrest and the apoptosis enhancement of prostate cancer cells. Microarray and molecular mechanism studies demonstrated that miR-16 could directly target cyclin D1 and BCL-2 to mediate SeNP apoptosis enhancement. Results show that the serum selenium levels positively correlate with miR-16 expressions, and they correlate with the overall and disease-free survival rates.ConclusionThese results signify the cytotoxic potential of SeNPs in prostate cancer treatment.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most prevalent cancer globally [1]
Advanced CaP can transform from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC)
The average selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) crystalline size used in this study was calculated as 88.89 nm via X-ray diffraction, which was identified as a hexagonal ring structure with a diffraction ring pattern [6]
Summary
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most prevalent cancer globally [1]. Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer-related cause of male death. Advanced CaP can transform from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). Selenium has been shown to have antitumor properties, and selenium supplements have been used in individual anticancer therapies [4]. Owing to their minimal risk relative to selenium on its own, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have had significant applications in medical diagnosis over the last decade, and they have been widely used as dietary supplements and antioxidants [5].
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