Abstract
This paper investigates the selectivity of GMA-based-non-woven fabrics adsorbent towards copper ion (Cu) functionalized with several aliphatic amines. The aliphatic amines used in this study were ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The non-woven polyethylene/polypropylene fabrics (NWF) were grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) via pre-radiation grafting technique, followed by chemical functionalization with the aliphatic amine. To prepare the ion recognition polymer (IRP), the functionalized amine GMA-grafted-NWF sample was subjected to radiation crosslinking process along with the crosslinking agent, divinylbenzene (DVB), in the presence of Cu ion as a template in the matrix of the adsorbent. Functionalization with different aliphatic amine was carried out at different amine concentrations, grafting yield, reaction temperature, and reaction time to study the effect of different aliphatic amine onto amine density yield. At a concentration of 50% of amine and 50% of isopropanol, EDA, DETA, TETA, and TEPA had attained amine density around 5.12, 4.06, 3.04, and 2.56 mmol/g-ad, respectively. The amine density yield decreases further as the aliphatic amine chain grows longer. The experimental condition for amine functionalization process was fixed at 70% amine, 30% isopropanol, 60 °C for grafting temperature, and 2 h of grafting time for attaining 100% of grafting yield (Dg). The prepared adsorbents were characterized comprehensively in terms of structural and morphology with multiple analytical tools. An adsorptive removal and selectivity of Cu ion by the prepared adsorbent was investigated in a binary metal ion system. The IRP samples with a functional precursor of EDA, the smallest aliphatic amine had given the higher adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Cu ion. The selectivity of IRP samples reduces as the aliphatic amine chain grows longer, EDA to TEPA. However, IRP samples still exhibited remarkably higher selectivity in comparison to the amine immobilized GMA-g-NWF at similar adsorption experimental conditions. This observation indicates that IRP samples possess higher selectivity after incorporation of the ion recognition imprint technique via the radiation crosslinking process.
Highlights
Copper is one of the unique elements in a heavy metal cluster which is classified as biogenic.Copper is vital in maintaining human health but only at minimum quantity, while excessive exposure is deadly carcinogenic
Similar trends observed with DETA, TETA, and TEPA as well
Amine immobilized glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-g-non-woven polyethylene/polypropylene fabrics (NWF) were successfully produced via pre-radiation grafting technique which followed by functionalization process with several aliphatic amines
Summary
Copper is one of the unique elements in a heavy metal cluster which is classified as biogenic. Copper is vital in maintaining human health but only at minimum quantity, while excessive exposure is deadly carcinogenic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the permitted limit of Cu in water is 2.0 mg/L [1]. Industries such as fertilizers, motor vehicles, petroleum refineries, aircraft plating, steelwork foundries, and pulp and paper mills are typical contributors of Cu into the environment [2]. The removal of Cu from water is most vital. Numerous chemical and physical technological solutions are available for the removal of heavy metals such as Cu from water. Synthetic and natural material-based adsorbents onto the removal of toxic heavy metals had gained some popularity in recent years [3]
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