Selectivity and Sensitivity: The Electron Capture Detector (ECD), Its Unique Inventor James Lovelock (1919–2022), and GAIA

Abstract

The electron capture detector (ECD) is among the original classical detectors for gas chromatography (GC). It is highly selective and sensitive for electron-absorbing compounds, especially those containing halogens. The ECD was developed in the 1960s by James Lovelock (1919–2022), who passed away earlier this year. The ECD is among the early detectors that is used in a relatively unmodified form today. The ECD was crucial in the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the upper atmosphere, ultimately leading to the international agreements limiting their use and reducing the ozone hole. In this installment, we review the ECD and its principles of operation and discuss the general tradeoffs in detection between selectivity, ease of use, and sensitivity. We also look at the unique life and work of Lovelock, both inventor of the ECD and one of the earliest scientists to bring attention to climate change through GAIA, which explained his theory that the Earth acts as a massive living organism.