Abstract
Abstract A novel catalytic system, PdCl 2 /TSILs, for the catalytic oxidation of styrene to acetophenone with hydrogen peroxide was designed through the combination of PdCl 2 and task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) of N -carboxyl-appended imidazolium cations with various anions. The PdCl 2 /TSILs catalytic system displayed excellent catalytic properties for the target reaction. The yield and selectivity of acetophenone significantly depended on the structure of TSILs with different combinations of carboxyl groups and counter anions. The catalytic activity of PdCl 2 /TSILs was enhanced with the increase in the number of the carboxyl groups and the degree of asymmetry of the cations. The activity of PdCl 2 /TSILs with the same cation also increased with the assorted anion sequence of PF 6 − 2 PO 4 − − 4 − , which is in contrast to their acid strengths. Among all of these PdCl 2 /TSILs, TSILs with three carboxyl groups showed the best activity with a complete conversion of styrene at 55°C. The measured turnover frequency and the selectivity for acetophenone were as high as 125 h −1 and 91%, respectively.
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