Abstract

Ionic liquids (IL) are proposed as an alternative to conventional organic solvents. Among them, there is a subgroup called task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL), in which a functional group is covalently attached to the cation or to the anion. This is allows direction towards a specific action of its chemical properties in a reactive system. In recent years, 1-(4-sulfonic acid)-3-methyl butylimidazolium [bsmim] with bisulfate counterion [HSO4] has been one of the most studied TSIL. This work aims to contribute to a better comprehension of the relationship between the structure of this TSIL and its catalytic behavior. The objective is to identify which part of the structure of the TSIL is responsible for the catalytic action observed in specific reactive systems and to understand how the addition of a functional group such as -SO3H influences the structure and therefore its behavior. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [bmim] was also synthesized with the same counterion. Both ILs were tested in two reactive systems—esterification reactions and synthesis of dibenzoxanthenes. The yields obtained were compared with respect to the action of sulfuric acid. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry was used to identify the species present in the ILs. The results indicate that TSIL shows an improved catalytic activity in both types of reactions in comparison with bmim HSO4. The relationship between the voltammetric results and the final performance allowed the interpretation of the behavior of these ILs. The IL synthesis and purification method influence on the present species and may affects the results of the reactive system.

Highlights

  • In recent years, the need for design and development of sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes has grown

  • A new route has emerged to design so-called task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), in which a functional group is covalently attached to the cation or alternatively to the anion

  • The catalysis could be due to the presence of the bisulfate sodium specie because the method of obtaining this IL

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Summary

Introduction

The need for design and development of sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes has grown. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as alternative catalysts and solvents for a wide variety of processes. ILs have certain advantages over traditional molecular solvents, such as low vapor pressure, high catalytic activity, thermal stability, and the possibility of varying their structure to manipulate certain properties, such as solubility and their behavior, in different reactive systems [1,2,3]. There is a new tendency to obtain greener ILs. a new route has emerged to design so-called task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), in which a functional group is covalently attached to the cation or alternatively to the anion. A new route has emerged to design so-called task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), in which a functional group is covalently attached to the cation or alternatively to the anion

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