Selective extraction and enhanced-sensitivity detection of fluoroquinolones in swine body fluids by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry: Application in long-term monitoring in livestock

Abstract

To ensure food safety in livestock industries, developing a non-lethal and cost-effective detection method for the long-term monitoring of veterinary antibiotics in animals will be beneficial to avoid unnecessary losses. In this study, a highly-selective extraction using dispersive micro solid–phase extraction method coupled with an enhanced-sensitivity detection by pre-column dilution injection and liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine the restricted fluoroquinolones (FQs) in swine body fluids. The proposed method showed good linear coefficients higher than 0.999, and high sensitivity with the LODs and LOQs in the range of 0.02–0.03 μg/L and 0.06–0.1 μg/L in swine body fluids, respectively. For further evaluation, the adequate recoveries (85.3–112.8%), satisfactory repeatability (intra-day and inter-day precisions of 2.1%–8.2% and 3.8%–13.7%, respectively), and acceptable matrix effect (0.92–1.12) of the FQs were achieved. It has been successfully applied for analysis of the FQs in body fluids without sacrificing animals in the future.