Selection of seed stocks for propagation of apple trees in the Far East

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the selection of seed stocks aimed at the development of intensive horticulture in the Far Eastern region, which has great potential for growing apple fruits. There were summarized materials on the study of seed stocks of apple trees. In modern conditions in fruit growing, the most relevant direction is the creation of high-yielding apple varieties with high adaptive properties. Varieties must be early-growing, have high immunity and resistance to the most harmful pathogenic, and also have good compatibility with seed stocks that are resistant to the abiotic and biotic environmental factors of the Far Eastern region. The use of seed stocks makes it possible to propagate seedlings of the most promising varieties free from harmful viral infections without losing their genetic stability. Plantings planted with such planting material do not need expensive supports and require significantly fewer mineral fertilizers and water, because they have a powerful root system that penetrates into the deeper layers the soil. Seed stocks of the apple tree are initially free from viral infection, and, unlike the clonal stocks, do not require expensive recovery, which leads to significant material savings. High grafting on seed stock not only contributes to the accelerated entry of gardens into the productive period, but also helps protect trees from damage from sunburn and frost. The production and biological study of the seed stocks of the apple tree was carried out in the form of a collection variety study and production variety testing. The field method is used to evaluate seed stocks. The developed and scientifically substantiated methods for planting apple orchards on seed stocks make it possible to create stands that are resistant to the climate of the Far Eastern region and stably produce marketable fruits for several years. It was revealed that the Siberian berry apple tree, and the variety Ranetka Yantarnaya are the most highly adapted and can be used as a seed stock.