Реализация научных разработок в садоводстве - важная составляющая развития сельского хозяйства России

Abstract

In the article the questions concerning the development of horticulture are reported, the role of science in improving the effectiveness of AIC is shown, the analysis of research areas, making a substantial contribution to the innovative development of horticulture is given, the role of state support in the development of domestic horticulture is considered. The facts, testifying to the innovative development of horticulture are presented, the need to develop the nursery in the country is emphasized. The specific proposals for the development of horticulture and nursery, to ensure the implementation of food security doctrine of the Russian Federation is given. Examples of the effective use of genetic collections of fruit and small fruit cultures in the creation of new varieties are considered. Biochemical data evaluation of apple fruits varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, information on the use of domestic breeding achievements in Russia and abroad are presented. Analysis of assortment of fruit and small fruits crops in the State register of selection achievements, admitted to use is given. The estimated data for the consumption of imported products: seedlings of fruit crops, plant protection means, commercial products of horticulture were shown. The program for production of certified planting material, elaborated by a team of scientists of research institutions in horticulture have been proposed. The estimated data for the needs of basic nurseries in resources to ensure the program of orchards plantation of apple, proposed by the state support of the basic nurseries of apple trees (excluding nurseries fields), the calculation of the necessary financial resources for the development of nursery in the Russian Federation are given. As the necessary support measures are noted: efficiency analysis of invested in the horticulture subsidies; the adoption of the Federal Law “On genetic resources” and amendments to the Federal Law “On the seed”; restoration of full-fledged, qualified management of the development of capital-intensive production in the structure of regional ministries of agriculture; development of regional Programs of development of horticulture,8 including coordinated subjects of the program of planting material production; tab in the budget financial resources for the scientific support of the processes of horticulture development in general and its foundations - nursery; the introduction of a differentiated amount of subsidies to the tab perennial plantations domestic or imported planting material; the introduction of special import duties on imported planting material; system to restore the production of certified seed of varieties that have specific areas sufficient adaptive capacity - local breeding or clone varieties of exotic species; development and approval of normative documents regulating the processes of production of certified seed free of virus and phytoplasma diseases; qualitative improvement of the external quarantine, elimination of import of planting material with low phytosanitary status; encourage the development of cooperation in the preparation and processing of fruits and small fruit production; application of instruments to protect the domestic market.