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Abstract
Gymnodimines (GYMs), belonging to cyclic imines (CIs), are characterized as fast-acting toxins, and may pose potential risks to human health and the aquaculture industry through the contamination of sea food. The existing detection methods of GYMs have certain defects in practice, such as ethical problems or the requirement of complicated equipment. As novel molecular recognition elements, aptamers have been applied in many areas, including the detection of marine biotoxins. However, GYMs are liposoluble molecules with low molecular weight and limited numbers of chemical groups, which are considered as “challenging” targets for aptamers selection. In this study, Capture-SELEX was used as the main strategy in screening aptamers targeting gymnodimine-A (GYM-A), and an aptamer named G48nop, with the highest KD value of 95.30 nM, was successfully obtained by screening and optimization. G48nop showed high specificity towards GYM-A. Based on this, a novel aptasensor based on biolayer interferometry (BLI) technology was established in detecting GYM-A. This aptasensor showed a detection range from 55 to 1400 nM (linear range from 55 to 875 nM) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.21 nM. Spiking experiments in real samples indicated the recovery rate of this aptasensor, ranging from 96.65% to 109.67%. This is the first study to report an aptamer with high affinity and specificity for the challenging marine biotoxin GYM-A, and the new established aptasensor may be used as a reliable and efficient tool for the detection and monitoring of GYMs in the future.
Highlights
Gymnodimines (GYMs) are the smallest members of cyclic imines (CIs) in terms of molecular weight
The results showed that G48nop had affinity only for samples containing GYM-A alone or GYM-A mixed with other toxins while this aptamer had no affinity for samples without GYM-A
The random sequence showed no binding to GYM-A (Figure 5B). These results indicate that G48nop can bind to GYM-A with high specificity, and this binding will not be interfered with by a variety of other marine biotoxins that may be present in high concentrations in complex shellfish samples [79–82]
Summary
Gymnodimines (GYMs) are the smallest members of cyclic imines (CIs) in terms of molecular weight. This aptamer was further developed into a biolaye interferometry (BLI)-based aptasensor This aptasensor has high specificity, hig sensitivity, and an ideal recovery rate in real samples for the detection of GYM-A. This aptasensor may be used as an efficient and sensitive tool in detecting and monitorin of GYMan-Ad oipntitmhiezafutiotun.reT.his aptamer was further developed into a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based aptasensor. This aptasensor has high specificity, high sensitivity, and an ideal. This aptasensor may be used as an efficient and sensitive tool in detecting and monitoring of GYM-A in the future
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