Selection between multiple periodic regimes in a biochemical system: Complex dynamic behaviour resolved by use of one-dimensional maps

Abstract

We analyse a model biochemical system in which two autocatalytic enzyme reactions are coupled in series, in conditions where multiple stable periodic regimes coexist for the same set of parameter values. We determine how the periodic regimes are reached from different initial conditions. The structure of the attraction basins is generally simple in the case of two coexisting limit cycles (birhythmicity). This structure and the associated behaviour may, however, become highly complex. In particular, the system exhibits enhanced sensitivity to initial conditions when the boundaries of the attraction basins are fractal. In the latter case, it becomes difficult to predict the evolution towards either one of two limit cycles, a phenomenon known as final state sensitivity. We show how these complex phenomena can be explained in a unified and simple manner by means of one-dimensional return maps derived from the time evolution of the model and from fifth degree polynomial equations. We suggest experimental tests of the sensitivity to initial conditions in chemical systems presenting birhythmicity. The physiological significance of the results is discussed with respect to the sensitivity of regulatory systems admitting multiple stable biological rhythms.