Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate serum parameters of lipid metabolism, homocysteine, soluble adhesion molecules and common carotid artery wall thickness in children from families with early symptoms of atherosclerosis.MethodsThe first stage included 137 pairs of mothers and newborns, and the second 18 children from the same group (age 18-30 months) and their parents (age 21-46 years) with a history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as 12 age- and sex-matched controls.ResultsDuring the first stage, inverse correlations were found between birthweight, cord blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG), VLDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), LDL and HDL cholesterol and were significantly higher in female than in male newborns. During the second stage, children from families with a history for premature CAD were shown to present with significantly higher serum concentrations of TG, VLDL cholesterol and lipoprotein A (Lp(a)) than the controls. Furthermore, their TC correlated positively with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (Rs=0.717, p<0.05) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels (Rs=0.833, p<0.05). Moreover, positive correlations were found between maternal carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and TC (Rs=0.831, p<0.01), as well as between paternal IMT and Apo B (Rs=0.692, p<0.05), TG and sICAM-1 (Rs=0.912, p<0.01), TG and sE-selectin (Rs=0.678, p<0.05).ConclusionsSerum Lp(a) may serve as a maker of cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents.
Highlights
The aim of the study was to evaluate serum parameters of lipid metabolism, homocysteine, soluble adhesion molecules and common carotid artery wall thickness in children from families with early symptoms of atherosclerosis
Background cardiovascular diseases based on atherosclerosis, like ischemic heart disease or stroke, manifest in adulthood, there is a compelling evidence that the process of atherosclerosis begins in childhood and progresses to measureable vascular changes in adulthood [1, 2]
The aim of the study was to evaluate the parameters of lipid metabolism, i.e. triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions: high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and B (Apo A1 and apolipoprotein B (Apo B)), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), homocysteine, soluble adhesion molecules in the blood serum and the thickness of common carotid artery wall (IMT) in children from families in which early symptoms of atherosclerosis
Summary
The aim of the study was to evaluate serum parameters of lipid metabolism, homocysteine, soluble adhesion molecules and common carotid artery wall thickness in children from families with early symptoms of atherosclerosis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has undergone many changes over the last decades. We currently understand atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory process of arterial wall resulting from interplay of lipid metabolism imbalance, maladaptive immune response and genetic alterations [3,4,5]. Cardiovascular modifiable risk factors included cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and diabetes [6,7,8]. 20% of cardiovascular events occur in the absence of above mentioned conventional risk factors [9]
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