Retracted: ‘Increased ICAM, VCAM, and E-selectin levels in first manic episode’ by Sermin Kesebir, Çetin Turan, Özgür Süner, and Elif Tatlidil Yaylaci

Abstract

Objectives In patients with bipolar disorder, the rate of mortality from cardiovascular disease is twofold higher than that in other psychiatric disorders. The risk of cardiovascular disease has been found to be associated with intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and E-selectin. The aim of the present study was to compare ICAM, VCAM, and E-selectin levels in patients with bipolar disorder at first manic episode and in healthy controls, and to investigate the presence of a relationship between adhesion molecule levels and clinical properties. Methods Fifty patients with bipolar disorder diagnosed with mania according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, who were experiencing their first episode, were evaluated consecutively. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals with no history of psychiatric treatment, matched with the manic patients in terms of age, gender, and smoking status. The Young Mania Rating Scale was used for confirmation of severity of mania. Plasma ICAM, VCAM, and E-selectin levels were measured and compared between the two groups. Results ICAM and VCAM levels were found to be higher in first-manic episode patients than in healthy individuals. A weak correlation was found between ICAM levels and YMRS scores in manic patients. Conclusions In the present study, which is the first to look at the proinflammatory and prothrombotic state in bipolar disorder, ICAM and VCAM levels were found to be higher in first-episode mania patients than in healthy individuals. As the study group included first-episode mania cases, there was no effect seen from the long-term use of psychotropic agents. Risk of cardiovascular disease, reflected by increased ICAM and VCAM levels, is generally present in patients with bipolar disorder at the onset of the disease.