Abstract
This paper addresses issues with computer simulation involved in designing illumination for architectural structures. In particular, the reflectance and transmittance of materials were studied with respect to their influence on luminance values, thus directly the power levels for luminaires applied under particular projects. Raster images derived from digitally processed daytime pictures were used to precisely define material properties. Bitmaps were tested with regard to measuring and editing materials with a widely used graphic application. A real architectural object, the Basilica of the Dormition in Jerusalem, served as the test object. A floodlighting design was performed following a complete analysis of all electrical and photometric parameters. Luminance distributions were analysed comprehensively. Hence, the data allowed for an assessment of the lighting design compliance with guidance given by International Commission on Illumination (CIE) for floodlighting objects and its required standards. The floodlighting utilization factor of the lighting solution developed was also verified, as it is the input parameter for evaluating not only the energy efficiency for the installed lighting system, but also the impact it has on the surroundings, in this case, the project that is to be implemented.
Highlights
Floodlighting has always been aimed at enhancing night images of architectural objects [1,2,3,4,5]
The illuminance and luminance levels obtained for specific floodlighting designs are highly sensitive to reflectance and transmittance of materials
It is typical for designers processing computer-simulated lighting calculations to determine reflectance and transmittance parameters precisely with regard to their value, but in reckless disregard for reality
Summary
Floodlighting has always been aimed at enhancing night images of architectural objects [1,2,3,4,5]. Computer simulations have assisted floodlighting design for more than a quarter of a century [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Simulations help to present the designers’ illumination visions [12]. They are performed with rendered photorealistic pictures [13,14]. Controlled outdoor tests are carried out often [15,16]. Both methodology and software applications used to perform such designs have enjoyed a steady and dynamic growth [17,18,19]. While designing is vital to find the prospective illumination purpose, in terms of aesthetic values [20] and in terms of achieving compliance with required technical standards, and to account for economic factors, including the operating cost of the lighting system [21]
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