Abstract
Heterocyclic moieties, especially five and six-membered rings containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms, are broadly distributed in nature. Among them, synthetic and natural alike are pharmacologically active compounds and have always been at the forefront of attention due to their pharmacological properties. Heterocycles can be divided into different groups based on the presence of characteristic structural motifs. The presence of β-amino acid and heterocyclic core in one compound is very interesting; additionally, it very often plays a vital role in their biological activity. Usually, such compounds are not considered to be chemicals containing a β-amino acid motif; however, considering them as this class of compounds may open new routes of their preparation and application as new drug precursors or even drugs. The possibility of their application as nonproteinogenic amino acid residues in peptide or peptide derivatives synthesis to prepare a new class of compounds is also promising. This review highlights the actual state of knowledge about β-amino acid moiety-containing heterocycles presenting antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial compounds, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, as well as agonist and antagonists of the receptors.
Highlights
Heterocycles are cyclic compounds having atoms of at least two different elements as ring members
Since heterocycles are not usually considered β-amino acid moiety-containing compounds, there is a strong need to present the overview of the actual state of knowledge of this class of biologically active compounds, which is the main topic of this manuscript
Moxifloxacin (Table 4, Compound 18) and ciprofloxacin (Table 4, Compound 19), unsaturated β-amino acid heterocycles, are highly active fluoroquinolones containing a β-amino acid moiety, which are used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic prostatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, respectively [54,55]
Summary
Heterocycles are cyclic compounds having atoms of at least two different elements as ring members. Β-amino acid moiety has been successfully used in the design of bioactive ligands and novel biomaterials [8] They are incorporated into β-peptides or other β-amino acid-containing oligomers, which may serve as promising tools in medicinal chemistry due to their enhanced biological stability, especially in the case of common proteolytic enzymes, arising from the lack of any interaction between them and in vivo enzymes [9]. The most wellknown heterocyclic β-amino acids include the 5-membered pyrrolidine and 6-membered piperidine derivatives They are present in some alkaloids, peptides and other biologically active compounds. Our research team has recently presented a group of heterocyclic compounds containing a β-amino acid motif presenting different biological activities, and their potential therapeutic usefulness has been evaluated as well [17]. There are known heterocycles as well as β-amino acids presenting biological activity since today, there is no work that focuses on the types of compounds that contain both moieties. Since heterocycles are not usually considered β-amino acid moiety-containing compounds, there is a strong need to present the overview of the actual state of knowledge of this class of biologically active compounds, which is the main topic of this manuscript
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