Seizure detection via deterministic learning feature extraction

Abstract

Epileptic seizures have a significant impact on the well-being of a large number of individuals worldwide. Utilizing electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for automatic seizure detection proves to be a valuable solution. However, dealing with raw EEG signals is inherently complex, necessitating a preliminary step of feature extraction prior to detection. Traditional feature extraction methods often amalgamate various types of features for seizure detection, as each type typically captures specific properties. In contrast, this paper focuses on detecting seizures by analyzing the system dynamics. The proposed Deterministic Learning Feature Extraction (DLFE) method extracts a single type of nonlinear dynamical feature rooted in the EEG system dynamics. DLFE employs deterministic learning to discern the inherent system dynamics of the EEG under both seizure and normal conditions. Through the feature extraction process, the infinite-dimensional system dynamics are transformed into feature vectors, exhibiting distinct distributions in seizure and normal states. This disparity can be effectively utilized for classification using standard classifiers. The performance of the proposed seizure detection method was assessed using the CHB-MIT and Bonn datasets. The average classification accuracy was found to be 98.63% with a specificity of 99.19% and a sensitivity of 98.06% on CHB-MIT dataset. Compared with the latest similar methods, the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity are improved by 0.31%, 0.21% and 0.05% respectively. Moreover, the performance was achieved with the short-time interval EEG signals within a few channels. The average classification accuracy was found to be 99.90% with a 0.22% improvement on Bonn dataset, which indicates the good generalization performance.