Abstract
Atmospheric disturbances caused by seismic activity are a complex phenomenon. The Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism gives a detailed idea to understand these processes to study the possible impacts of a forthcoming earthquake. The atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) is one of the most accurate parameters for explaining such LAIC process, where seismogenic disturbances can be explained in terms of atmospheric waves caused by temperature changes. The key goal of this work is to study the perturbation in the potential energy associated with stratospheric AGW prior to many large earthquakes. We select seven large earthquakes having Richter scale magnitudes greater than seven ( M > 7.0 ) in Japan (Tohoku and Kumamoto), Mexico (Chiapas), Nepal, and the Indian Ocean region, to study the intensification of AGW using the atmospheric temperature profile as recorded from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite. We observe a significant enhancement in the potential energy of the AGW ranging from 2 to 22 days prior to different earthquakes. We examine the conditions of geomagnetic disturbances, typhoons, and thunderstorms during our study and eliminate the possible contamination due to these events.
Highlights
According to several research, it is well accepted that there are significant disturbances detected in the regular atmospheric processes due to seismic hazards [1,2,3]
As reported by various researchers in recent years, the possibility of atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) playing a significant role in detecting preseismic disturbances is a well-proven phenomenon [7, 8]
AGW is one of the regulating agents in the acoustics channel of the Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism, which originates from pressure or temperature convection caused by seismogenic sources
Summary
It is well accepted that there are significant disturbances detected in the regular atmospheric processes due to seismic hazards [1,2,3]. Nonlinear force breaks the waves and transfers the momentum to the medium [25] This energy exchange is responsible for driving some of the atmosphere’s largest dynamical highlights. Created GWs can influence the middle atmosphere’s momentum, can produce turbulence and mix, and can connect with the general climate to advance or smother new convection [27, 28] The factors such as sudden stratospheric warming and meteorological events can generate the AGW. Due to the viscous dissipation of the short-wave components, its wavelength increases with altitude, reaching hundreds of meters in the ionospheric D layer (between ~60 and~90 kilometers above sea level) and~10 kilometers in the F2 layer (above ~400 kilometers) These are the fastest oscillations in the atmosphere, capable of generating disturbances that can reach the ionosphere [29, 30]
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