Seismic Interpretation Methods

Abstract

Seismic interpretation conveys the geologic meaning of data by extracting subsurface information from it. Type of interpretation depends on the geologic objectives linked to the phase of exploration and on the kind of available data, 2D/3D, its grid density and quality. 2D seismic data interpretation can be typed as structural, stratigraphic and seismic stratigraphy. Workflows for the 2D interpretation types are described in this chapter, underscoring the basic principles along with some of the application shortcomings that crop up during normal interpretation practices. Techniques of seismic calibration, horizon correlation, preparing seismic maps, and velocity modelling and depth conversion are elaborated with examples and illustrations. Seismic stratigraphy is typically a regional geologic interpretation of seismic 2D data, and is described with schematics and real seismic image illustrations. The difference between seismic stratigraphy and stratigraphic interpretation is highlighted.It is necessary the seismic interpreter stresses on the consequences of interpretation results that impact the geological and engineering issues in the exploration project. This is a process which adds value to interpretation and may be termed as data evaluation. Data evaluation looks ahead beyond the usual outputs of routine interpretation and assists in review and assessment of economic viability of prospects which enables management to strategize exploration policies. This is emphasized by citing examples and illustrations in the chapter.