Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death among the aged population in the world. Experimental stroke models with rodents play a fundamental role in the investigation of the mechanism and impairment of cerebral ischemia. For its celerity and veracity, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of rat brains has been extensively adopted to visualize the infarction, which is subsequently photographed for further processing. Two important tasks are to segment the brain regions and to compute the midline that separates the brain. This paper investigates automatic brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation algorithms in camera-based TTC-stained rat images. For rat brain extraction, a saliency region detection scheme on a superpixel image is exploited to extract the brain regions from the raw complicated image. Subsequently, the initial brain slices are refined using a parametric deformable model associated with color image transformation. For rat hemisphere segmentation, open curve evolution guided by the gradient vector flow in a medial subimage is developed to compute the midline. A wide variety of TTC-stained rat brain images captured by a smartphone were produced and utilized to evaluate the proposed segmentation frameworks. Experimental results on the segmentation of rat brains and cerebral hemispheres indicated that the developed schemes achieved high accuracy with average Dice scores of 92.33% and 97.15%, respectively. The established segmentation algorithms are believed to be potential and beneficial to facilitate experimental stroke study with TTC-stained rat brain images.
Highlights
The colorless TTC reacts with the living cells, In addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2,3], 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium which results in the red compound, red region essentially unveils the for chloride (TTC) staining so hasthat been the extensively employed to visualize the infarction healthy/normal tissue
This study employed an ischemia-reperfusion model based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on the right side with a silicon-coated nylon filament
Devoted to brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation in TTC-stained rat images, this paper introduced various strategies to tackle these two individual tasks
Summary
To understand the mechanism of cerebral ischemia, evaluate the effect of the middle cerebral therapeutic artery is occluded to and cause brain tissue ischemia,manifestations, which results in a interventions, study the scope of behavioral experimental massive amount of cell deaths, called theplay infarct. In addition to cerebral magnetic resonance (MRI)in [2,3], 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium model, the middle cerebral artery is occluded to cause brainthe tissue ischemia, which chloride (TTC) staining has been extensively employed to visualize infarction for itsresults in a massive amount of cell deaths, called the infarct. The colorless TTC reacts with the living cells, In addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2,3], 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium which results in the red compound, red region essentially unveils the for chloride (TTC) staining so hasthat been the extensively employed to visualize the infarction healthy/normal tissue.
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