Abstract
The aim of the paper was to determine weed infestation expressed by weeds number and weed weight and other index under a three different tillage system: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and ploughing tillage (CT) in two legume species crops: pea and narrowed-leaved lupine. The research proved that growing legume under no-tillage conditions caused the increasing weed infestation. Weather conditions in each of the study years were shown to influence the weed infestation. The dry weight of weeds was higher in narrow-leaved lupine by 7% in flowering stage assessment and by 6% before harvest than in pea crop. The weeds number in the conventional tillage system in the flowering stage in pea and lupine crops was 24 and 26 plants·m−2, respectively, under the reduced tillage conditions it was 33 and 29% higher, while under no-tillage it was 58 and 67% higher. In all tillage systems the dominant species were Chenopodium album L., Viola arvensis L., Anthemis arvensis L., and Cirsium arvense L. The results prove that soil tillage system affect weed infestation of legume crops.
Highlights
The tillage method is one of the most important agrotechnical factors affecting the weed flora of cultivated crops [1,2]
Soil tillage systems can be divided into three basic groups: (1) conventional tillage with the use of a plough, (2) reduced tillage, and (3) no-till system with direct sowing [3]
On average over the period of the study, in both legume species cropped in no-tillage system (NT), dry weight of weeds assessed in the flowering stage was higher by 55 and 14%, respectively, than in plough tillage (CT)
Summary
The tillage method is one of the most important agrotechnical factors affecting the weed flora of cultivated crops [1,2]. Conservation tillage, compared with ploughing tillage, causes decreasing labour and energy costs in the process of production. This system favorably affects the condition of soil environment [4,5]. It reduces water erosion, temperature variations, and increases content of organic substances in the soil [6,7]. It may cause an increase in weed infestation [8,9]
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