Abstract
Abstract The effect of dates of seeding on the field establishment of 12 species of wildflowers was investigated from 1978 to 1980. Seeding in November yielded the highest emergence for Echinacea angustifolia DC. (black samson) and Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt, (shell-leaf penstemon). April seeding promoted maximum emergence of Asclepias tuberosa L. (butterfly milkweed), Lespedeza capitata Michx. (roundhead lezpedeza), Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. (purple prairieclover), Salvia pitcheri Torr. (pitcher sage), and Yucca glauca Nutt, (small soapweed). November and April were equally effective for planting Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. (grayhead prairiecone-flower), Liatris punctata Hook, (dotted gayfeather), Liatris aspera Michx. (rough gay-feather), Liatris pycnostachya Michx. (thickspike gayfeather), and Heliathus maximiliani Schrad. (Maximilian sunflower). Plant emergence response to seeding dates was similar to plant stand response for each species.
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