Abstract
Abstract Grassland management techniques and dates of seeding for field establishment of 5 species of forbs (wild flowers) were investigated from 1981-1983. Management treatments included burning, mowing, herbicide followed by mowing, and an untreated control. All 3 treatments had no significant affect on seedling establishment. Fall seeding gave best emergence for black samson (Echinacea angustifolia D.C.) and butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa L.). Spring seeding gave maximum emergence of prairie coneflower [Ratibida pinnata (Venten.)Barhn.] and purple prairieclover [Petalostemum purpureum (Venten.)Rydb.]. Rough gayfeather (Liatris aspera Michx.) displayed low emergence in both spring and fall seeding dates. Stand counts and winter survival responses to seeding dates were similar to emergence response for each species.
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