Abstract
Purpose. To determine the dependence of seed-setting rate in the first generation of inter-varietal hybrids of bread winter wheat on the presence of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) in the parents. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2014/15, 2015/16 on breeding fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. Annually, inter-varietal hybridization was carried out when crossing varieties with WRT 1AL/1RS (Ekspromt, Kolumbiia, Zolotokolosa, and 1BL/1RS (Lehenda Myronivska, Kalynova, Svitanok Myronivskyi) resulted in 30 hybrid combinations. Parental plants were sown manually in plots of 0.3 m2. Results. The varieties studied are of middle maturity, so the periods of heading and flowering coincided, in most cases, thus allowed the flowers to be pollinated as effectively as possible. The data obtained demonstrate that WRT carries are easily crossed among themselves. The seed-setting rate depended on both parental forms and the conditions of cropping season and varied from 6.6 % to 80.1 % in 2015 and from 21.4 to 80.3 % in 2016. Mean values was noted slightly lower in 2015 (40. %), but higher in 2016 (58.0 %). In 2015, the combination Lehenda Myronivska / Zolotokolosa with the maternal form having wheat-rye translocation 1BL/1RS was notable by the high hybrid seed-setting rate. In 2016, the seed-setting rates were high in combinations with the maternal forms having both WRT 1BL/1RS (Svitanok Myronivskyi) and WRT 1AL/1RS (Zolotokolosa, Kolumbiia). The best results for two years (2015, 2016) were obtained using the varieties Lehenda Myronivska (66.9 %), Svitanok Myronivskyi (64.6 %), Ekspromt (62.2 %), Kolumbiia (61.3 %) as maternal form, thus supposing the presence of recessive genes (kr1, kr2), in these genotypes. Due to the genes they may cross well and produce viable hybrid seeds. Conclusions. In order to obtain combinations with high level of hybrid seed-setting, it was successful involving carriers of wheat-rye translocations Lehenda Myronivska, Svitanok Myronivskyi, Ekspromt, Kolumbiia into the crossing.
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