Abstract
Soil consevation management system is an activity for diminishing sediment enrichment ratio and nutrient leacheds by water run off and soil erosion processes. The research was aimed to study sediment enrichment ratio and nutrient leached by run off and soil erosion on cacao plantations. Arachis pintoi with strips parallel contour and multiple strip cropping of upland rice or soybean (Glycine max) were planted to improve soil physical characterictic on cacao plantation as a main plant. The expriment were conducted with treatments as 10-15% and 40-45% slopes, 5-7 months and 25-27 months cacao ages (as main plants). As sub plots are T1 as a monoculture which to be cleaning under the plant canopy, T2 as a multiple strip cropping of upland rice or soybean, T3 as a combination of T2 and A. Pintoi strip. The results showed that total N, P2O5, and K2O and organic-C contents in water run off and soil sediments indicated that T3 >T2 >T1 treatment, with the contents of each nutrient: T3 (total N 0.18%; 24.87 mg 100 g-1 P2O5: K2O 15.16 mg 100 g-1), T1 (total N 0.16%, 22.39 mg 100g-1 P2O5, K2O 11.50 mg 100g-1). The total N, P2O5, K2O and organic-C soil contents < accumulation nutrient contents of total water run off and soil sediment transport. All of treathments have sediment enrichment ratios > 1.
Highlights
Cacao as a main agricultural product in the province of South East Sulawesi is planted in slop areas
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of these treatments to soil Sediment Enrichment Ratio SER (Arsyad 2010) and nutrient leached by run-off and soil erosion at the cacao plantation
This was due to the eroded sediment or soil of the topsoil which was known for its richness in nutrients and organic matters, causing the nutrients contained in them were to be higher than the nutrient in the soil which left behind
Summary
Cacao as a main agricultural product in the province of South East Sulawesi is planted in slop areas. According to the data in 2000, this plantation occupies about 113,276 ha of area and its mean productivity is about 225 kg ha-1 (Wahab et al 2002) This productivity is lower than its normal potential productivity (2-3 Mg dry-seed ha-1 yr-1). This is due to not property use of soil and water conservation technique and land management practice. The run-off/erosion may contain sediment and dissolved nutrients, and other contamination which can reduce the water quality. These nutrient contents are essentially depend on the agro-technology used in the production process or land use management.
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