Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table

Safaa Amin,Joachim Spilke,Melanie Schären-Bannert,Alexander Starke,Marion Schmicke,Norbert Mielenz,Helena Fieseler,Romy Wagner,Walter Baumgartner,Awad Rizk

doi:10.3389/fanim.2021.795543

Abstract

We hypothesized that the hoof trimming in sheep in dorsal recumbency implicates a short but intensive stress situation and that the sedation with xylazine causes a decrease in the stress response in this situation. Ten healthy female merino meat sheep were randomly divided into two groups receiving either xylazine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body mass (BM) applied intramuscularly) or a placebo treatment with 0.9% NaCl. Routine hoof trimming was performed in a tilt table and vital signs (rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR)), 33 different behavioral traits and blood cortisol concentrations were recorded throughout the experiment at six different time points (total of 55 min). The procedure itself elicited a clear stress response (increase in the RR, RT, defensive movements, lip twitching, swallowing, and flight behavior). Parallelly, the blood cortisol concentrations were increased, reaching their maximum with 81.5 ng/ml in the control group when the sheep were tilted back into a standing position. In the sedated sheep, no increase in the RR and RT and a decrease in the HR were observed. In addition, the behavioral signs showed a decrease in flight, defensive, and general stress behavior (decrease in licking, movement of head and legs, and sitting on knees), complemented by the serum cortisol concentrations showing 2.28 times reduced concentration at the end of the procedure, compared to the control sheep. The results confirm our hypothesis and support the conduction of future trials investigating the feasibility and benefit of a sedation of sheep prior to routine hoof trimming under practical circumstances.

Highlights

It is widely recognized that stressors can support and increase the risk of developing infectious diseases and of prolongation of illness episodes (Kelley, 1980; Steplewski et al, 1985; Cooper, 1999)
The 10 sheep were randomly assigned to two groups: control [Control Group (CON), n = 5, Body Condition Score (BCS): 2.50, BM: 60.3 ± 4.4 kg] and xylazine [Xylazine Group (XYL), n = 5, BCS: 2.50, BM: 56.2 ± 4.0 kg; BCS according to Russel (1984)]
The Heart Rate (HR) decreased in the XYL group between being tilted over in dorsal recumbency and hoof trimming and stayed lower thereafter, whereas it remained unaltered in the CON group (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

It is widely recognized that stressors can support and increase the risk of developing infectious diseases and of prolongation of illness episodes (Kelley, 1980; Steplewski et al, 1985; Cooper, 1999). Aside from important and well-acknowledged animal welfare concerns, different zootechnical procedures in animal production, inflicting short-term stress due to handling and restraint, may have an influence on animal productivity (Johnson and Vanjonack, 1976; Miranda-de la Lama et al, 2011, 2012; Marco-Ramell et al, 2016; Grandin, 2021) For these reasons, different protocols to reduce pain and stress in the animal have been developed since studies have shown a benefit in this respect, and in the later animal health status (Ting et al, 2003; Kretschmann et al, 2020). Studies describing the stress response in sheep during routine hoof trimming in dorsal recumbency are lacking

Methods

Results

Conclusion