Abstract
This paper considers the secure transmission in a cell-free massive MIMO system with imperfect radio frequency (RF) chains and low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at both access points (APs) and legitimate users, where an active eavesdropper attempts to wiretap the confidential data. The Gaussian RF impairment model (GRFIM) and additive quantization noise model (AQNM) are used to evaluate the impacts of the RF impairments and low resolution ADCs/DACs, respectively. The analytical results of the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation show that there is nonzero floor on the estimation error with respect to the RF impairments, ADC/DAC precision and the pilot power of the eavesdropper which is different from the conventional case with perfect transceiver. Then, a tractable closed-form expression for the ergodic secrecy rate is obtained with respect to key system parameters, such as the antenna number per AP, the AP number, user number, quality factors of the ADC/DAC and the RF chain, pilot signal power of the eavesdropper, etc. Moreover, a compensation algorithm between the imperfect RF components and the inexpensive coarse ADCs/DACs is also presented. Finally, numerical results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the achieved expressions and the devised algorithm, and show the effects of RF impairments and low resolution ADC/DAC on the secrecy performance.
Highlights
M ASSIVE multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an emerging paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond fifth generation (B5G) wireless networks, which can provide significant spectral and energy efficiency by deploying a large number of antennas at the base station or user equipment [1], [2]
Motivated by the aforementioned observations, this paper considers the secure communication in cell-free massive MIMO system with radio frequency (RF) impairments and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)/digital-to-analog converters (DACs) imperfections
Unlike existing works on secure communication in massive MIMO system which considers specific architecture, this paper studies the secure transmission in cell-free massive MIMO sytem with a universal paradigm taking into account the nonideal RF chains, ADCs/DACs distortions and channel state information (CSI) imperfection
Summary
M ASSIVE multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an emerging paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond fifth generation (B5G) wireless networks, which can provide significant spectral and energy efficiency by deploying a large number of antennas at the base station or user equipment [1], [2]. Motivated by the aforementioned observations, this paper considers the secure communication in cell-free massive MIMO system with RF impairments and ADCs/DACs imperfections. With the adopted RF impairments and ADC imperfections models along with the imperfect channel state information (CSI) assumptions, the closed-form expression of the ergodic secrecy rate has been derived in terms of key design parameters, i.e. pilot and data power, the quality of the RF chains, the precision of the ADCs/DACs, the number of APs and antennas. Unlike existing works on secure communication in massive MIMO system which considers specific architecture, this paper studies the secure transmission in cell-free massive MIMO sytem with a universal paradigm taking into account the nonideal RF chains, ADCs/DACs distortions and CSI imperfection.
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